The Four Main Purposes Of Communication English Language Essay

The Four Main Purposes Of intercourse English delivery Es conjectureCommunication has been defined as the transfer of in sterilize upation and disposition from 1 roughlyone to an sepa prescribe by means of the use of common symbols. Communication send a focussing f beginning upward, downward, and laterally, that is, from subordinates to superiors, from superiors to subordinates and from peer to peer. Most batch desire to be tacit they want to understand dissimilars and they want to progress to acceptance of their ideas. r bely would a somebody deliberately non want to be mute still plane so, misunderstandings, incorrect intercourses, and failure to channel tpetroleumet hold confusion on a regular basis.Good communication is of the essence(p) to the success of both the individual and the organization. It doesnt matter how good a player you be or how much you understand around the business if you foundation non drop dead properly.Objective 1. List the four main purposes of communication.We want to be understood we want to understand early(a)s we want to gain acceptance for ourselves and our ideas and finally, we want to assume action.What does the phrase as soon as you kitty contain got to it humble? Does it mean right now or as soon as you finish what you be doing right now or what? If your importee and the other persons meaning atomic number 18 not the identical, you may get the makings of a communications breakdown.Everything we say has at least third messages What we meant, what we said, what the other person understood. Unfortunately, these three are not al elbow rooms congruent.An accountant made a stray and he apologized thusly I read 4, wrote 5, meant 6, and it should provoke been 7.Objective 2. secernate the six- footprint communication model and elaborate on each of its points.There are mevery different models of communication and each has its particular value. The model you sire on page 66 of DuBrins book ( 10th edition) is a good one, only when I would like to use another model because it has some(prenominal) things that are real valuable as we look at communication. We allow for quote back to DuBrins model a little later on. The model I want to present to you has six steps ideation, encoding, transmission, receiving, decoding, and action. Notice in the jovial strip that communications must(prenominal) start with a concept, that is, an idea, thus the status ideation. This first step takes perhaps a fraction of a endorsement and we do-nothing al al nearly ideate and speak at the same time. Ideation call fors mental imagery and experience because the more of each you keep, the easier it is to ideate a message.The second step is encoding. This step requires putting the idea into some type of intelligible form so it squeeze out be transmitted. Writing a letter, framing a asseveration in your mind, de end pointining (or even not determining) to herald non-verbally-all these live encoding. read the importance of education to encoding.Transmission is the third step and it is the closely visible and recognizable aspect of communication. Speaking, writing, and even non-verbal communication are recitations of this step.The quarter step is receiving and it is done by reading the letter, audience the words, or detective work the non-verbal communication. decode, the fifth step, is the counterpart of encoding except that it is done by the receiver. Decoding requires taking intelligence from the message as it is received. This step is answerable for the absolute majority of communications problems.The sixth step is action if a message is received, indeed action of one sort or another must follow. curb in mind that taking no action is one way of acting.M2.1 pass on help you understand this concept.Objective 3. Identify the different ways of communicating and list their advantages and disadvantages.Lets take the succeeding(a) means of communicating and hold forth their advantages, disadvantages, and perhaps some suggestions for improving the communication in each medium. If you have accessal contri furtherions, we can discuss those as well. anticipateWritten (memo, letter, instructions)Telephone (including voice mail)E-mailFace-to-faceObjective 4. formulate the importance of non-verbal communication. exclusively as regular communication can take a compartmentalization of forms, so can non-verbal communication. We can identify several different kinds of non-verbal communication and each one may have some sub-categories. Here are some of the more common types of non-verbal communicationA local radio receiver personality in Tyler, Texas, was hawking a use car hooking and his statement was I bought my remnant car from them. The obvious interpretation is that the oddment car he bought was from that dealer. What if he had put increasing emphasis on the last three words? Then it would phone like he would never buy another car from them.There are ii main types of non-verbal communication paralanguage and kinesics.Paralanguage is like language, that is, it communicates something, still not in words. It includes emphasis, vocalization, and pauses (or silence).You already bonk how adding emphasis to a statement (or split of a statement) can add urgency to the message or even change the meaning. For example, if someone says, What do you think approximately it? he is address emphatically to you.Vocalization is an audible (or sometimes inaudible) component of a statement that carries meaning. For example, a laugh, a groan, or even clearing the throat can qualify as a vocalization if it carries meaning. A well pose pause can add a great deal to the message, such as when someone says, Im not saying he is dishonest, he is exclusively (pause) creative in his dealings. stooge you see the meaning the pause adds? sometimes a question or a comment can be met with steely silence indicating displeasure with th e message Dad, can I go over to Joes house and smoke some marijuana?Kinesics includes deliberate communicates and other movements which competency not be deliberate, such as separatrix the chin, slumping, nervus facialis expressions, warmness movement or body language.Please note that laughing, sighing, pausing, stroking the chin, or inwardness movement may be nothing other than what it seems. In order to be classified as non-verbal communication, the action must be a communication whether deliberate or non-deliberate.Some gestures powerfulness be perfectly acceptable in one culture and extremely offensive in another. A television mini-series in 1986 entitled, On locomote of Eagles showed the daring rescue of some EDS executives held hostages in Iran. The man responsible for getting them out of Teheran told them, We motivation to get a ride, moreover do not stick out your thumb because that is an insulting gesture. The V sign can mean victory (as from Winston Churchill it can mean peace, as with the 1960s peaceniks or it can also be an insulting gesture in some European countries.Shifty-eyed is a label we would put on some gangster or someone not to be trusted. You can credibly identify a number of other kinesics examples that add meaning or contradict meaning.Proxemics is communicating by space. Middle Eastern people prefer to get very close while communicating, but approximately westerners prefer a real distance between themselves and the fellow communicator. Can you imagine what would happen if two people from these two cultures were tasteing to communicate and neither was aware of the proxemics preference of the other?Objective 5. break several ways you can improve your communications through using or not using non-verbal means.How Non-verbal Communication HelpsHow important is facial expression and eye contact in communication? You probably have heard the phrase, He can lie to you while he is looking you in the eye. It implies that the pe rson is a skilled liar and that normally if a person is lying, he wont look you in the eye. Alternately, when someone says, I looked him in the eye and told him what I thought, that means he had the boldness to say what he really thought.Looking people in the eye is important because it conveys honesty and overspreadness.Did you know that only 7% of your message is conveyed by words, while 38% is conveyed by your tone, and a whopping 55% is conveyed by body language.Did you know you careen turn your transmitter off? Even if you try not to communicate non-verbally, you are still communicating non-verbally.Read the document entitled, How to Understand woman Talk. This is a set of hilarious definitions slightly how women communicate with men with paralanguage. You dont lease to respond to this assignment I just thought you would enjoy a good example of non-verbal communication.Recall our discussion of emotional intelligence in Module 1. The same general principle applies to improv ing communication by existence aware of our non-verbal communication. If you are aware of what messages you might be sending, you can correct, delete, streng because, or alter the message to suit your hires. I have been challenged in a meeting by a colleague who said, I can see by his facial expression that Tommy does not agree with this, but if he will hear me out, he may understand how my ideas will work.By the same thinking, if you can read non-verbal communication, you might know when to vigour or when to back off. Skilled negotiators know this very well, and you can gain an advantage in knowing what the other person is saying in addition to his words.Objective 6. Describe various ways to improve communications with superiors, subordinates, and peers.There is a concept called 3-D communication which describes how you communicate up, down, and sideways, that is, to superiors, subordinates, and peers. bunko gamesider the difference Many people speak with a different appearanc e and a different tone depending on whether the receiver is a superior, subordinate, or peer. It seems reasonable to speak with respect to your superiors, but consider what would happen if you used the same degree of respect when you are communicating with subordinatesSome chic person has said that one of your hypothecates is to keep your pigeonholes boss off your bosss back. That is original enough and it is good advice.Here is a valuable tip that can enhance your consanguinity to your boss when you take a problem to your bossState the problem.Provide some options.Make a recommendation almost which option you recommend.Ask for his suggestions.Look what this process does It shows respect for the boss by keeping him informed about the situation. It brags on you because it shows you have done your preparedness and you are not just being a whiny foul up complaining to the boss. It shows your insight regarding a possible solution and your assertiveness in recommending it. At the same time, it shows respect for the boss by acknowledging the possibility that he might have a better idea or preference. evacuate SarcasmDon Rickles has made a fortune by being sarcastic, but aside from him, no one benefits from sarcasm. Sarcasm is designed to distress the other person. It serves no useful purpose, but it does inhibit communication by s containing relationships unnecessarily.I cannot overemphasize the importance of respect and courtesy in communicating with othersObjective 7. Describe the importance of feedback and how to cultivate it.DuBrin (10th edition, page 66) defines feedback as the message sent back from the receiver to the sender. That is a good, workable definition, but it is also limited. Certainly the idea of feedback implies sending something back, but you can get feedback on the quality of your work or someones idea of a refreshing procedure.Even though different definitions exist about feedback, its importance cannot be denied.How do you confuse a nd receive feedback?Ask for it. This assumes that you have a relationship with the people from whom you are requesting feedback that they feel.Provide for it and be sensitive to it. Sometimes feedback is baneful an employee might not be as friendly and as open as normal and you may suspect that some feedback is lurking in on that point somewhere so you may have to go back to 1. defend honestly but diplomatically. Thats the dum opera hat thing I ever heard, will probably not get you the Supervisor of the Year Award. Listen to the feedback. It may be dumb, but you should not allow the employee to know you think that.Express custody and act on it. This does not mean that you must satisfy the employees desire, but it does mean you must do something and let the employee know. If you cant do anything, then also let the employee know that as well.Objective 8. Explain the term grapevine and distinguish it from rumor.The grapevine is an informal communications network. As a manager, you s hould not try to kill the it because you cant and besides, it provides a good rout of tension. Good or bad, grapevine is most supple when formal communications are not forthcoming.You have probably experienced the grapevine via your e-mail. A large number of interesting things are spread indiscriminately that may have some truth, but to a large extent are not nearly as wonderful or as ruinous as they first appear. I saw one recently about a giant oil and gas reserve in western North Dakota that was supposed to solve our energy need for the next 40 years, but the environmentalists have blocked its development. It turns out there is a oil reserve there, but it is not nearly as expansive as the grapevine had it. It wasnt a trillion barrels it is more like 3-4 meg barrels and that enumerate would curtail imports for about one year./p relation is different from the grapevine. Rumor is unsubstantiated hearsay and it does get put on the grapevine. Rumor has several characteristicsIt i s usually interestingIts source not identifiable and it is unobjectiveIt is just about ambiguousIt usually has an element of truthWhat to do about rumor?Dont pass it along.Check it out.Provide honest and open communication.http//www.analytictech.com/mb119/grapevine-article.htmSusan Heathfield is a management consultant with strong credentials in corporate communications. She offers the following recommendations about rumor and gossipExpect a certain amount of gossip people want to know what is going on in their workplace, and they like to discuss work issues. The key is to know when the gossip is out-of-hand. You need to act if the gossip isdisrupting the work place and the business of work,hurting employees feelings, modify interpersonal relationships, orinjuring employee motivation and morale.If rumors and gossip seem to be rampant, you might want to look at them to see if there are hap themes. It may be that you are not sharing enough development with them, or perhaps they don t trust you and are afraid to ask about important topics.Objective 9. Explain why listen is such a significant problem.Hearing is a physiological process involving sound transmission, nerves, the ears, and the smallest bone in the body the ossicles, comprised of the malleus (the hammer), the incus (the anvil), and the stapes (the stirrup). sense of auditory modality is a psychological process which requires focus as well as understanding, processing, and evaluation. Listening is work and many times we hear things, but we dont listen to them.You have heard the phrase, in one ear and out the other? That is an example of hearing but not comprehend.Most people think they are good listeners, but a study has shown that a 10% sense of hearing rough-and-readyness rate is not rare at all 25% is common and anyone who thinks he listens at a 60% effectiveness rate is fooling himself.Listening is the first thing children learn but it is the last thing taught, if at all. We emphasize readin g and speaking in our schools, but audition skills traditionally have not been taught at all. That is changing somewhat because people are beginning to realize the importance of good earreach skills.Have you ever met someone and five minutes later you couldnt call back his name? Sounds like a recollection problem, doesnt it? It is not a memory problem, it is a auditory modality problem. You were so intent on presenting a attractive personality and putting the best foot forward that you didnt have any room left for listening. Actually, you do have the room, but you have to give it some concentration and focus on listening to the persons name.Discuss situations in which listening was not done properly and situations in which good listening skills paid off and report the best examples.Poor listening skills is one of the biggest problems in business and industry today. Poor listening causes low productivity, low morale, broken relationships with peers, subordinates, and bosses.Mos t of us listen at about a 25% level of effectiveness. Thats not very good. Even when we really try, the best we can do is about 60%. Listening is one of the most important things that any of us-workers, parents, bosses, whatever-can do to improve relationships and to get the job done.Do you like people? Other than a few soreheads, most of us would say yes. If you like people, then you need to like to listen. Even though you may be rushed, even though you think you may not have time to listen, listening is absolutely vital to getting the job done and maintaining relationships with your co-workers.Listening problems include the followingListening is work and most of us are somewhat lazy. If you dont work at listening, you will not listen well. Having said that, you cannot work too hard or you will be concentrating so hard on listening that you will not listen well.Listening implies passivity and compliance to many people and they want to be in control. Sometimes our listening consists of grudgingly remaining noneffervescent until we get our turn to speak.Emotions get in the way of listening. When someone says something that pushes our gamey button, we can become so charged up that we dont listen.Objective 10. Explain the process of active listening.You may have heard the term active listening which is the same thing as ruminative listening. This concept is a listening tool and a human relations tool. Reflective listening is based on the idea that if people keep talking, sooner or later they will see the solution to their own problems. In addition to that, it helps both speaker and listener to be sure that what was spoken was the same as what was heard.The process works by the listener (the supervisor, perhaps?) listening carefully, then paraphrasing back to the speaker what he heard, or in some cases just asking for more information or clarification.Heres how it works a team leader complains to the supervisor about his teams failure to follow through on their assignments.That bunch of dipsticks they never do anything right.Sounds like youre pretty roll with them.You bet I am. I cant get them to follow instructions.What Im hearing is that they wont do what you tell them, is that right?Sometimes using reflective listening makes the speaker match the reflection with what he said. That may require the speaker to revise his statement to more accurately reflect what he meant.Here are some typical reflective listening phrasesWhat Im hearing you say isIt sounds like you thinkSo youre just wondering ifYou sound really disappointed.Reflective listening should not be used to identify the problem or to offer solutions. Additionally the listener should not make interpretations as to what he thinks the speaker is saying. The only thing the listener should do is offer a paraphrase of what the speaker is saying.Objective 11. Describe the keys to effective listening.Find areas of interest. You should make a decision when you are listening to someone. each that person has something to say that you need to know or perhaps you should repudiate if you can do it diplomatically.Judge content not delivery. Sometimes people are not as articulate or as unionised in their communications as they should be. It might be important to control the delivery shortcomings and focus on the message being sent.Hold your fire. volume can really set you off by pushing your hot buttons. As a disciplined listener, you can deliberately choose not to get angry and just continue to listen. That does not make you a doormat because you can deal with the issues in an assertive, yet tactful way when it comes your turn to speak.Listen for ideas, not just information. Could the words be hide something important? Later we will discuss the hidden agendum and how you can deal with it.Work at listening. As we discussed earlier, listening is work and we need to know how much work to put into the job of listening.Remember that listening is faster than speech. Most people speak at about one hundred fifty words per minute (WPM). You can easily listen to speech at 450 WPM or even more with no loss in comprehension. That leaves a time differential that allows you to daydream and perhaps lose the train of thought or you can use the extra time to compare what the other person is saying to what you know, identify advantages and disadvantages, and identify the big depict and the supporting facts.Share your experiences on listening in M2.2.Objective 12. Describe why the concept of the hidden agenda is so important in communication.A hidden agenda is a matter which a person cannot or will not bring up, but which is causes him to do certain things or not do certain things.Examples of hidden agenda professorship Bush has been accused of having a hidden agenda with respect to the Iraq war. His critics say the real agenda was his desire to invade Iraq and get rid of ibn Talal Hussein Hussein or for some, the real agenda was to seize Iraqs oil assets for the linked States. The agenda he presented to the world was the imminent threat of Saddams weapons of mass destruction.Con artists are masters of hidden agenda they gain your confidence and try to convince you that they are your friend, that they want to help you, but the real agenda is to steal your money.During the Viet Nam War, a leader in the anti-war movement said, If the Viet Nam War did not exist, we would have had to invent it. The hidden agenda here is, We must have something to protest or we dont exist.How should you handle a hidden agenda? First, you have to suspect it is there.If there is evidence that what the person is telling you is not what they really want to tell you, you can reflect back what they are saying.