Economic Downturn Effects On The Uk Hotel Industry Economics Essay

Economic Downturn Effects On The Uk Hotel Industry Economics EssayThe UK hotel fabrication, as well as the hotel effort world wide, has been hit hard by the ecological niche which started at the discontinue of 2007 and is predicted by umpteen to utmost until at least 2010. In the flesh of a few months the UKs thriftiness has gone from windfall to crisis and by be epochs 2009 the attitudes and beliefs of consumers and businesses in the tradeplace had altered radi announcey from previous optimism (Mintel Reforecasts 2009 online).Prior to the ascribe crunch which commenced in August 2007 when the European Central Bank and the US Federal Reserve put 45bn into the financial marts (Elliott 2008 online), Europe, the USA and the UK were enjoying an scotch exposit with rising house prices and high consumer confidence (Budworth 2008 online). Gross Domestic harvest-home (GDP) rose to 381,565 Million in 2007, and household disposable income per capita to 14,321 in the same year (K ey brand 2008, p. 18). During these boom geezerhood, adding was high and borrowers able to dress down large sums of money due to relaxed l shuttinging restrictions by banks. Individuals whose circumstances would suck at one snip barred them from borrowing were digested to price of admission umteen times their salary (Budworth 2008 online). Debts secured upon property were sold on to investors. Property prices frankincense became abundantly inf deeplyd creating a blether which burst when borrowers started to default on their loans and the cheer of the investments thitherfore fell heavily. The huge losses by the banks lead-in to the collapse of Lehman Br beforehand(predicate)(a)wises in the US and the near collapse of Northern stone in the UK meant that lending became much much difficult and banks stricter ab come forward who they lend money to. (Budworth 2008 online). The coreing obliviousage of funds due to fears almost lending and all oerlook of loans has di rect to a downturn in the economy, falling house prices and change magnitude unemployment with many firms going out of business alto deriveher and many to a greater extent making drastic savings (Budworth 2008 online). Further consequences include a vast affix in public spending which is predicted to take years to reconcile off, a predicted rise in unemployment (by the British Chamber of Commerce) to 3.2 zillion, wage freezes or cuts and massive job losses (The Economy News 2009 online). The collapse in available credit started in the USA but in these geezerhood of global trading the implications were soon felt around the world with the UK cursorily facing problems. Germany, France and Italy the three largest economies in the Eurozone were officially in turning point by late 2008, and others rapidly followed suit. Both Spain and Ireland project witnessed a housing bubble burst and contraction in wider economic natural process (Foresight 2008, p. 7).2.2 The Pound Against th e Euro and vaulting horseOne circumstanceor that complicates the situation well-nighwhat is the pounds weak status against the Euro and Dollar. greatest has lost cheer rapidly over the last year or so. In July 2008, one pound would mollify buy $2, but by November 2008 it was worth only $1.48, the lowest point for 6 years. Similarly at one point 1 was near equal in value to 1 Euro. firearm this is bad impertinents for citizenry buying hots or leading outside the UK, it overly means that UK goods and services become more than irresistiblely priced from the point of view of Eurozone or USA travellers (OGrady 2008 Online). limitedally, hotels in the UK give appear relatively gildeder since this fall in the value of sterling, and hence more attractive to inward travellers and tourists. At the same time, it means it is less attractive for the UK spendmaker to travel to the Eurzone or USA, and more attractive to inhabit at home.3. Hotel Industry Background3.1 Introduction The Growth Years to 2007Hotel operators in the UK allow for both to the corpo tell sphere and consumer sector. Both argon material move of their operations and both includes not just accommodation but withal facilities such as meeting and conference entourage in the matter of the corporate sector and add-on services like food and beverages for both sectors. The UK has been historically an measurable business destination with the growing importance of the capital of the United Kingdom stock market and financial sector (Key disgrace 2008, p. 11). In the consumer sector most practise is accounted for by spends and short breaks with a significant minority for wedding or party venues.The UK hotel market grew in 2008 to a value of 11.5 billion, which is an add-on of nearly 20% since 2002. This return took place against the backdrop of a healthy worldwide economy with the global travel market recovering after the 2001 terrorist attacks (BMRC 2009, p.1). Factors influencing t his development were varied and included an increase in the offspring of tourists coming in to the UK in the years since 2002 and a diversification in the hotel market with increases in the calculate sector as well as luxury brands. There was an increased call for upmarket brands as capital of the United Kingdom in particular saw an increase in the ultra pissed market sector for which money was no object (BMRC 2009, p.1). Other factors private road growth include the growth in internationalisation and global business, rises in disposable income, and the development of tourism from emerging economies such as author East Europe and India. The growth of the internet and online booking alike nonrecreational a part as well as increased merchandise by hoteliers (Key assembly line 2008 pp. 19-21).During 2008 this boom came to an end. The hotel assiduity was hit relatively late by the depression, and even during 2008 industry experts were proclaiming that the previous 12 months ha d been a time of overall growth (Cater hotelkeeper 2009, p. 6). Occupancy rank were static in the first part of 2008, but then hotel transactions started to tumble and during folk 2008 moving in fell steeply as did revenue per room (Cater Hotelkeeper 2009, p. 6). Further, developments for new hotels and improvements were cancelled and cyphers reduced.3.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of the UK Hotel marketplaceA Key annotating get over identifies aspects of the UK hotel market influencing the vulnerablity or resilience to recession. On a positive note, the UK hotel market is a strong and sophisticated one with a wide roll of different plectrons to appeal to a range of different types of customer and including internationally recognised brands as well as little individual operators. Developments in technology and the increase of internet use over the last 10 years mean selecting and booking a trip is easier than ever forrader. The fact that most UK residents do not use hot els further convolutions an opportunity for growth, as does the potential for further increase in internet use. Restaurants attached to hotels and other such add on services provide further blowup potential. Finally, the UK is experiencing a growth in its older population, who choose more time to travel.On the negative side, the hotel market is curiously vulnerable to an economic downturn as travel and trips argon often seen as an bea in which spending can be cut back. (Key Note 2008, pp. 48-50). Research as well as suggests that despite the app atomic number 18ntly rosy outlook of the years immediately prior(prenominal) to 2008, the market had other copes to contend with even without recession. The long-stay leisure market (defined as those travellers staying away for five nights or more) has been in decline since 2004 the fleck of long-stay hotel board booked in 2008 was half that in 2006, at 11 million (BMRC 2009, p. 1).4 The feign of the Recession on the Hotel Indust ry in the UK Specific Factors4.1 IntroductionThis section looks at around of the factors which impact upon the Hotel industry, and why they are important. The messages are mixed. Some of the factors are detrimental to the industry while others absorb more positive impact.4.1 Air Travel in DeclineAlthough semipermanent growth in solicit for air transport is projected, growth rates in the short to medium-term are presumable to be change by the everyday slowdown in the economy and by the rising approach of air travel. A market-wide study indicates that although long-term growth in demand for travel by air is expected, short to medium term projections are for negative growth in 2009 with the beginnings of recovery in 2010 (Key Note 2009, p. 10). This leave alone have an impact upon the UK hotel market as there will be fewer travellers into the country. However, it should be bourne in mind that fewer UK holiday makers will want to holiday abroad due to financial considerations, thence boosting demand for hotels.4.2 Collapse of the Property MarketOne of the hardest-hit sectors of the economy in the recession has been construct as house prices have crashed and loans to finance building projects have dried up together with the market for the finished product. The UK enjoyed nearly of the highest periods of growth of house and other building prices, and the construction industry has been peculiarly badly hit by the latest recession. Developers are unable to access credit to fund large scale building final causes, so many hotel projects have been stalled (Blitz 2009 online). Aside from new developments, hotel owners who are unable to access further credit are also decision things more difficult. While bigger operators and branded chain are able to look to the medium and long-term, over which a boom for hotel and travel are predicted due to emerging markets, smaller operators have less access to the resources which will see them through the following coup le of years (Blitz 2009 online).The domestic travel area offers some potential positives for the industry as a whole. It is arguably the case that tourism and the hotel industry in the UK are better placed to withstand the results of a recession than either other industries or other holiday destinations. The reputation of the UK as a whole is very strong as a destination, as is that of England in particular.A 2008 mickle by Visit Britain of 614 respondents based in the UK who on a regular basis take short breaks reported that 9 out of 10 people consider England when choosing a short break. The branding of England has improved over the cut across of this tracker study, 58% of respondents say it is their favourite holiday destination considered. It is considered easy to get around and seen as having beautiful scenery (Visit Britain 2008, p.2). Short breaks account for almost 2/3 of breaks taken in the UK, so these findings are significant for the industry as a whole. (Bainbridge 200 9, p. 1).Another consideration is the rising equal with being green and the impact of frequent air travel on the milieu (Bainbridge 2009, p. 1). Consumers who want to reduce their carbon footprint and impact upon the environment are increasingly opting to stay within the UK (Bainbridge 2009, p. 1). What Bainbridge does not highlight, still, is that the new anxiety for green issues is not completely beneficial. Tourists from overseas will be evenly concerned to cut their travel abroad, so this could also reduce inbound tourism into the UK. Research is conflicting with some showing that interest in saving the environment is fairly low priority for the majority of consumers and other studies confirming the idea that green issues will become increasingly important (Key Note 2009, p. 49). Hoseasons, the self-catering leader, also take this view, claiming that more people are choosing to holiday in the UK because of a demand for a green and alternative to brief abroad. Similarly, th e ferry lines entered 2008 assuming that demand would increase for their services as a greener alternative (Key Note 2009, p. 49).The UK has the most expensive rates for hotels in Europe, and middling prices rose by 12% in 2007 to an average of just over 100 per night. Londons exceptionally expensive rates influence this figure (Key Note 2009, p. 50). Against this background, and bearing in mind the recession, a move towards increasing the number of calculate hotels seems inevitable. Previous expansion in the hotel industry has concentrated on the luxury end of the market with the growth of boutique hotels and the interest in catering to the super-rich. While this seems unfortunate given the recession, it is not obviously a bad scheme as historically the luxury market has been shown to theorize the economy more slowly than the rest of the market. (Key Note 2009, p. 92) In October 2007, Marriott estimated the growth in revenue per available room at between 5% and 7% in 2008 yet, by May 2008, this had been rewrite to between 3% and 5%. As clients reduce their spending, it is likely that over-supply will be seen in the market and this will lead to some brand rationalisation (Key Note 2009, p. 92).One predicable result of the recession is to increase interest in cypher holidays and cheaper hotels. The Visit Britain survey of UK residents who take short breaks reported in prove 2008 that price had now overtaken other factors in choosing where to stay (Visit Britain 2008, p.2). This is likely to increase as the UK moves deeper into recession.The budget hotel market was under development even before the recession set in. Established brands such as Travelodge and Premier hostel expanded their operations, and they were joined by the Purple Hotels from the Real Hotel Group. Hilton also real plans for a budget hotel chain, and CitizenM, a design-led brand, was developed. Other brands include Nitenite and Yotel, built at low cost using prefabrication techniques. The growth in the market has led to further segmentation in the sector with introduction of upmarket tiers to the budget range (for framework Holiday Inns Express brand (Key Note 2008, p. 16)A Key Note report written at the beginning of the recession predicted that the mid-range hotels would be the main casualty of melt offing demand. The problems with the economy were exacerbated in the hotel industry by the recent increase in energy and food cost ( Key Note 2008, p. 11)5.4.2 Business Budget HotelsAs Bainbridge points out, budget hotels have benefited by both business and holiday customers downgrading in the recession. Some budget hotels have increased the range of facilities they offer to includes free wi-fi, breakfast and same to accommodate a new business clientele. Whitbreads budget chain, Premier Inn, for example (the UKs biggest hotel brand) is upgrading its rooms with flat screen TV, air-conditioning and Freeview, and has seen sales for its business account scheme increas e 36% over the previous year to February 2008. (Bainbridge, 2009, p. 1).This increase in the number of business travellers using budget hotels since the start of the recession in 2008 is corroborated by research by BDRC in 2009. They report that budget brands are consciously aiming to compete with mid-market brands by strategies such as the ones mentioned above. This drive has been rewarded by better standing in business advertising awareness for the budget hotel brands. (BDRC 2009 online) Key Note also report that mid-market business hotels are likely to suffer as they are positioned between the value and luxury hotel options, and what they call tiering, or introducing of levels in to the budget range, will also affect the mid-market brands (Key Note 2009, p. 92).5.4.3 Consumer Budget HotelsFor the non-business traveller, accommodation quality is very important in UK breaks. While travellers abroad endure less than perfect accommodation because costs are low and the weather good, w ithin the UK they demand better quality. One issue is that bed-and-breakfasts and guest houses are notoriously prone to poorly-run individual establishments, leading to calls for the market to be tightened. However the budget hotel sector has grown and has mopped up some of the non-business market as well. The fact that there are many chains available in this sector means travellers can be tranquillise regarding expectations and quality as they are buying into a brand name. This is particularly true in London a popular choice for consumer short breaks where hotels are notoriously expensive (Key Note 2009, p. 50).5.5 Staff and Recruitment ImpactThe recession has had a severe impact on the hotel recruitment market, and it is marvelous to recover before 2010. Job cuts look set to reach 600,000 as businesses and consumers cut spending. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development warned of the toughest year in more than 2 decades, and their predictions were backed up by a sur vey of 150+ senior management in the hotel industry carried out by the recruitment specialists Admiral Group which revealed that over 2/3rds of those surveyed were going to cargo deck recruitment decisions, and put fast-track graduate programmes had on hold (Sharkey 2009, p. 7). These findings are reiterated by the results of a study by Deloitte in 2008 which predicted that the downturn could cut new jobs in the sector by 100,000 with a corresponding dramatic shrink in the UK tourism industry. A recession could see a 11b decrease in the economic input by visitors to the UK, currently worth 114b or 8.2% of the UKs GDP. The British Hospitality Association also criticised the lack of help from the organization (Thomas 2008, p. 9)One less gloomy prediction is that the recession will have less impact as the hospitality market in general and the hotel market in particular is more diverse than in the past, with some opportunities actually being created particularly in the casual and bud get eat and contract catering sectors. This is reinforced by a survey carried out by the British Hospitality Association which shows that the contract catering sector has grown and will continue to do so in the recession (Druce 2009, p. 7)5.6 Room Occupancy and PricesRoom occupancy rates the percentage of nights that hotel rooms are in active use have been increasing since 2005. This is good for hotel operators as it allows them to repay investments and reap more return for their money. In 2007 there was a 1% point rise in domestic occupancy (61% in 2006, with the 2003 rate being 59%). This pre-dated the recession and was a result of the strength of sterling at this time (Key Note 2008, p. 14)Returns in equipment casualty of paid accommodation in the UK show a surprising result. Gains were still made in 2008, and a report by Deloitte showed that in the early part of the year revenue per room grew strongly (Caterer Hotelkeeper 2009, p. 6), which is ludicrous as the recession st arted to set in during this year for most split of the UK economy. However, this seems to be a function of gains made at either end of the booking season. Early bookings would have been made before worries about the economy set in, and late bookings made might have been as a result of last-minute demand and hence prices paid were higher (Key Note 2008, p. 15)5.7. Smaller and Specialist SectorsThe result of the recession can also be traced in the smaller and specialist areas of the UK hotel market. For hotel operators, boom areas in these sectors are not inescapably a good thing, as will be shown.5.7.1 natural process HolidaysActivity holidays overseas were enjoying a boom in recent years, however for the next few years the market is predicted to grow less rapidly, whereas activity holidays in the UK are predicted to rise. In 2010 for example the total no of activity holidays in Millions taken by UK residents was predicted before the recession at 11.5 this was revise to 10.8, with 2011, originally predicted to total 12 million was revised to 11.4. By contrast, predictions about UK activity holidays have been revised upwards the 2011 level was predicted at 5.0 million, and this was revised to 5.3 million. (Mintel Market Reforecasts 2009 online). The impact for hoteliers is mixed. If the holiday involves hotel stay, then the news is good however if the accommodation is self-catering the hotel operator will lose out.5.7.2 All-Inclusive HolidaysAll comprehensive holidays, a sector which has been in decline in recent years due apparently to the increasing ease of online booking and ease of finding information, are now predicted to rise over the short-term as they allow all holiday costs to be known in attack and paid for up front. Both Thomas Cook and TUI are aiming to increase their all-inclusive capacity (Mintel Market Reforecasts 2009 online)5.7.3 Camping and Caravaning HolidaysThis sector enjoyed a boom in the 1960s and early 1970s but with the advent of che ap overseas package holidays has been in decline. However, Mintel predict that these holidays are an attractive option for the budget conscious consumer, and will benefit from the increase of families who elect to stay in the UK in 2009 and 2010 for financial reasons. They point out that the Camping and Caravanning baseball club had their best ever year for recruitment of new members in 2008 (Mintel Market Reforecast, 2009 online). Domestic camping holidays are predicted to do rather better over the next couple of years before the long-term trend towards decline reinstates itself. The growth in this area is not good news for the hotelier, as by definition a stay in a hotel is control out for this holiday type.5.7.4 OthersOther sectors, for example boating holidays, have also been affect. Even where the market remains buoyant boating and luxury holidays growth prediction has been downgraded and is expected to occur at a slower rate than predicted (Mintel Market Reforecasts 2009 online).Sectors of the UK market which are predicted to do well include managing director holidays within the UK which are seen as a budget option and so are fairly resilient to an economic downturn, and heritage tourism as well as holiday centres like Centre Parcs. Mintel see the last mentioned as particularly resilient as they are both percieved as a budget option and are attractive to the UK consumer as they offer pay in advance all-in-one packages. An increase in coach holidays is also good to some extent for the hotelier, although the bulk of coach holiday operators chose low-priced hotels where price margins are cut very low, as the coach holiday is seen as a price-conscious alternative to the consumer.6. Lessons Learned from Previous Economic DownturnsThe last time a recession occurred in the hotel industry was in the provoke of the 2001 family lineember 11th terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in New York. The Sept 11th attacks and anthrax scare which followed cause un certainty about the short and medium-term economic futures and had an impact upon travel and tourism plans leading to a reduction in hotel use and travel. In the US these areas, along with airlines were significantly affected in the aftermath of the terrorist attack. (Mintel Market Reforecasts, 2009 online). In the recession of the early years of the twenty-first century, the response to the challenge was to discount room rates heavily, however this strategy was of questionable use. The heavy discounting was intended to boost occupancy level, however this necessarily led to less profitability and income it took years to recover from this as consumers became used to the lower prices. As Bloss (2009) points out, the tactic is also very easy to transcript by competitors and hence a risky one.7. Conclusion.The UK hotel market has certainly been affected by the economic downturn. The above looked at the background to the recession and how it has affected the corporate and consumer sector . While the sector has certainly been impacted with job cuts, slower, stagnating or declining predictions and less building projects, there are some positives for the UK market as holiday makers elect to stay at home rather than travel abroad.