Food Security

Kirsten Highsmith February 1,2013 Eng & Humanities 2-1 Etymology Imperialism 1. (Noun) A policy of extending a countrys power and influence d bingle diplomacy or military force (Noun) The system, policies, or practices of such a government (noun) an instance or policy of truculent behaviour by one state against another 2. Imperialism originated in 1826 in a Napoleonic context, protagonism of empire, as well as of Rome and of British foreign policy, from imperial and -ism. At quantifys in British use of goods and services with a neutral or positive sense relating to national interests or the spread of the benefits of Western civilization. . Imperialism is free in use. 4. Although Imperialism originated in 1826 it was source recorded 1878. It was picked up in Communist jargon by 1918. The end point Imperialism applied to Western political and economic dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries. (etymonline. com) 5. A groundbreaking, arouse use of the say is that Imperialism is the name of a turn-based Strategy video game. Matrix 1. (Noun) An environment or signifi trampt in which something develops (Noun) A mass of fine-grained rock in which gems, crystals, or fossils be embedded (Archaic)The uterus Archaic)The bring downative cells or tissue of a fingernail, toenail, or tooth (Noun) A rectangular array of numeric or algebraic quantities subject to mathematical operations 2. Matrix originates from the Latin, female animal used for breeding, p arnt go down, from matr-, mater. Its first known use is 1555. Its also from the Old French word matrice. 3. Matrix is st bilious in use, overleap for the third definition listed above. 4. Matrix is the Latin word for womb, and it retains that sense in English. It can also basal more generally any place in which something is formed or produced. The shape matrix for an rray of numeric or algebraic quantities subject to mathematical operations was introduced in 1850 by James Joseph Sylvester. (ualr. edu) 5. A mo dern or interesting use of the term Matrix is that Matrix is the name of the brand new 2012 Toyota sports gondola car Sugar 1. (noun) A sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants (noun)Used as a term of endearment or an affectionate form of address (noun) A psycho agile drug in the form of unclouded powder 2. Sugar first originated in the late 13 century, sugre, from Old French. Its Medieval Latin word was succarum, and its Arabic word being sukkar 3. Sugar is still in use. . Sugars Old World home was India and it remained alien in Europe until the Arabs began to cultivate it in Sicily and Spain not until after the Crusades did it begin to rival honey as the Wests sweetener. 5. A modern or interesting use of the term sugar is that it is the name of a American alternative rock band which was first formed in 1992. sensation 1. (noun) A person who practices black magic a wizard or magician 2. Necromancer originated in c. 1300, from the Old French word nigromansere, 3. Necromancer is still in use. 4. The word magician is adapted from the word necromancy meaning a form of magic nvolving communication with the deceased. The word necromancy is adapted from Late Latin necromantia. Early necromancy volved from shamanism, which calls upon hard liquor such as the ghosts of ancestors. 5. A modern or interesting fact about the word necromancer is that in the popular video game Guild Wars a necromancer is a playable vitrine who can call on the spirits of the dead, and point death itself, to overpower enemies and assist allies. Works Cited 1. Dictionary. com. Thesaurus. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 2. Etymology. Behind the Name. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 3.EtymologyAbout Our Definitions All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc. )Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 4. Online Etymology Dictionary. Online Etymology Dictionary. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 5. Dictionary. com. Dictionary. com, n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013 . Kirsten Highsmith February 1, 2013 Humanities II 2-1 Food Security in sub-Saharan Africa Food Security can be translated into numerous assorted definitions. Websters definition of it is, Food security refers to the availability of intellectual nourishment in comfortable quantity in a safe and nutritious form and ones access to it for a healthy and active life. This definition for regimen security clearly sets out the different sections involved when discussing provender security, globally. These sections include many different aspects of forage security. For example the physical availability of food, and economic access to food, and the sustainability of these aspects to deliver adequate levels of food security. In sub-Saharan Africa today, almost 33 percent of the creation of sub-Saharan Africa lack sufficient food security( Achieving Food Security in Africa Challenges and Issues1). The region of Africa as a whole remains unending to frequent food crises and famines hich are triggered by droughts, floods, and economic downturns. Food Security in sub-Saharan African households has been lowered be pay off of the countries inability to produce the right resources to import food. Sub-Saharan Africa is dependent on culture which is most vulnerable to climate change making many methods of development futile but few methods hang on satisfactory results. The use of agriculture can cleanse food security in sub-Saharan Africa by changing to different farming techniques such as apply mulching, composting and crop revolution. Mulching in Africa can uphold improve food security in a multitude of ways. Mulches are materials placed over the injury surface to maintain moisture(treesaregood). By using mulching plants and vegetables are able to contain moisture dismantle under extreme weather conditions. This is beneficial to Sub-Saharan Africa because of the many droughts they get, it is harder for plants and vegetables to come and soon end up dying. By ma intaining water plants are able to grow healthier and stronger. Water conservation is not the completely thing mulching can answer with. Coupled with conserving moisture mulching prevents the compression and pertnessing of the soil aused by watering, and rain( Russell). Because of the uncertain rain in the Sub-Saharan, the soil is compressed and losses water which leads to the drying out and crusting of plants. By using mulching it supports scratch moisture from traveling up through the soil, and leaving behind the dissolved minerals as a crust which would have blocked the plants from increment to the surface. Mulches also provide food for earth worms. Earthworms are a expensive resource in the garden, Earthworms tunnel deep into the soil allowing air and water to easily reach plant roots( mulchingaround).By mulch attracting earthworms plants are able to obtain water and oxygen easier which allows the soil to draw richer and grow faster, which is exactly what the soil in th e Sub-Saharan needs. Mulching helps improve food security by allowing plants and vegetables in the Sub-Saharan to grow at a faster rate which can be harvested and useable more to different parts of the region. Tons of waste is generated through Africa and usually ends up in wastelands or turned into grant dumps. Composting is an easy way of getting rid of waste in the Sub-Saharan and at the same time helping the environment. Composting is to fertilize with a mixture of decaying organic matter. (Dictionary). Compost decomposes all the organic material and creates soil. By creating soil, it allows for a lot more room to plant and grown food making it widely available and easy to access. . Small-scale farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire African continent can improve yields by up to 100% through combining fertilizer micro dosing and manures application( New agribusiness Techniques cooperate Improve Food Security). By adding different types of compost together farmers in the S ub-Saharan can help improve soil and plant growth by 00%, this percentage can drastically help improve food security all over the African region by using organic materials to help create compost. By using compost, Africas plant growth can improve by enriching the soil that it gets its nutrients from. Compost also has the benefit of adding organic matter to the soil( The New Vision for gardening Transforming agriculture through collaboration). By adding organic material to soil it gives it the nutrients it needs to grow faster and helps contain water. there have also been new methods of composting called a Compost toilet. Composting toilets are toilet systems which treat tender waste by composting and dehydration to produce a useable end-product that is a valuable soil elongate( What is a Composting Toilet? ). Compost toilets allow waste entering the toilet to be evaporated into the atmosphere through the vent leaving amount of soil to be used as a natural fertilizer. As helpful as compost toilets are they are quite expensive which makes it harder for Sub-Saharan to use and can slowly but surely improve the food security issue. Crop rotation in sub-Saharan Africa isnt anything new and has been allowing a more various roup of foods to grow which expands the choice of food. A crop rotation is a series of different crops planted in the same field following a delimit seasonal order (merriam-webster). There is a wide diversity of cropping systems in sub-Saharan Africa. A third years trial was held in a farmers field in Ghana to study the proceeding of sole crops crops that are grown alone compared to conventional crop rotation( Magdoff). The studies showed that crop rotation allowed a faster growing and more diverse choice of food by using crop rotation. Through rotations, labor is educed and bump distributed throughout the year allowing for a more organized labor structure. Crop rotation can also balance the production of residues by alternating crops that produce few and or short-lived residues(Toensmeier). This allows a lesser amount residues left over and allows them to be removed. With more residue removed it easier to grow more plants as well. Many crops may have positive effects on succeeding crops in the rotation, leading to great production overall(Kroeck). Because of the positives effects of crop rotation sub-Saharan Africa has made it one of its number one food security support methods.By allowing greater production crop rotation allows for better access to food and availability which increase the amount of food security in the Sub-Saharan and other counties. There are many different reasons why Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from low food security one of them being the effect of greenhouse gases on the environment. Greenhouse gas emissions per person from urban waste management activities are greater in sub-Saharan African countries than in other developing countries, and are change magnitude as the population becomes more ur banized( waste management through composting in Africa). As Africa becomes more rbanized the waste becomes greater and harder to contain. The waste from greenhouse gasses effects the agriculture making it hard to grow food, which lowers its food security even more. humor change also plays a huge role in agriculture. African countries are in particular vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on rain fed agriculture, high levels of poverty(Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture). Because of the ever changing climate and the dependence on rain, it makes agriculture hard to become fully sufficient, if the crops arent getting enough rain and minerals needed.Manpowered labor is a necessity in increasing food security through agriculture. It is to be expected that the HIV/AIDS epidemic will cause serious damage to the agriculture sector in those countries, especially in countries that rely heavily on manpower for production. ( V. IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE). Because of the H IV/AIDS epidemic many farmers and workers have become ill and unable to produce crops which leads to declining yields and agriculture production. The reduction of production because of HIV/AIDS in Africa has led to food insecurity. After look intoing the food security situation in sub-Saharan Africa and food security in ther countries the research shows that they cannot improve if more attention and support is not given to agriculture development. By using crop rotation, mulching and composting, farmers can cultivate their farms and use the same plots in repeatedly. Crop rotation allows for a more diverse choice of food and greater production overall. Mulching conserves moisture and improves the fertility and health of the soil. Composting is used as a soil conditioner and natural fertilizer. One major benefit of these farming methods is that it allows people to stop using slash and burn cultivation.Agriculture can be the basis for solid and diversified economic growth. Works Cited 1. Agriculture and Food Security World Economic Forum Agriculture and Food Security. Agriculture and Food Security. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 2. Compost. Organics South Africa. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 3. CSIRO. Facing Africas Food Security Challenges. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 4. Devereux, Stephen, and Simon Maxwell. Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. London ITDG, 2001. Print. 5. Economist Intelligence Unit. Global Food Security Index. N. p. , n. d.Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 6. New Farming Techniques service of process Improve Food Security. New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 7. New Farming Techniques Help Improve Food Security. Solomon Times Online RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. 8. SECTION I SOIL COMPACTION-CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. Soil compression Causes, Effects, and Control. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. 9. Reusing Organic Solid Waste in urban Farming in African Cities A Challengefor Urban Pl anners. Urban Agriculture in West Africa. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013.